IM-400 – Midterm Exam – Attempt 3

Question1

Marks: 1

The quality of essential oils has been tested using different methods including: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Chiral Chemical Analysis (CCA)

b. Gas Chromatography (GC)

c. Mass Spectrometry (MS)

d. Gas Spectrometry (GS),

Question2

Marks: 1

Which compound has the chemical formula CH3CH2CH3?

Choose one answer.

a. ethanol

b. methane

c. hexane

d. propane

Question3

Marks: 1

The secondary product that is generated when making lavender essential oil is:

Choose one answer.

a. lavender powder

b. purple glue

c. lavender floral water

d. blue wax

Question4

Marks: 1

Essential oils have been studied as potential antimicrobials agents. These naturally occurring compounds are linked to having the following types of activity in clinical trials: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. virucidal

b. fungicidal

c. septicidal

d. bactericidal

Question5

Marks: 1

Examples of mind-body practices which incorporate the use of essential oils are: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. naturopathy

b. guided imagery

c. probiotics

d. tai chi

Question6

Marks: 1

Horseradish essential oil is not generally considered suitable for use with ICU patients although, according to research undertaken by Nedorostova et al 2011, it has proven effective against:

Choose one answer.

a. MRSA

b. sepsis

c. heart attack

d. stroke

Question7

Marks: 1

Name 3 plant extracts that have demonstrated their significant antifungal activity against a broad range of fungal human pathogens. (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. fennel

b. thyme

c. basil

d. cilantro

Question8

Marks: 1

Grip strength increases by 34%, vertical jumping increases by 7% and long jumping increases by 6% due to an increase of oxygen in the muscles when you take just one drop of which essential oil in a glass of water just prior to working out?

Choose one answer.

a. wintergreen

b. peppermint

c. eucalyptus

d. camphor

Question9

Marks: 1

Which essential oil is useful for dry skin, warts, eczema, psoriasis and has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects?

Choose one answer.

a. tea tree

b. patchouli

c. sandalwood

d. ylang ylang

Question10

Marks: 1

Which of the following is NOT a carrier oil?

Choose one answer.

a. almond

b. olive

c. pomegranate

d. lemon

Question11

Marks: 1

An important requirement for a carrier oil is:

Choose one answer.

a. easily absorbs into the skin

b. has a strong fruity fragrance

c. has a strong floral fragrance

d. does not absorb into the skin

Question12

Marks: 1

In 1997, Fuchs et al reported that carvone, a ketone in essential oils, was found in the bloodstream of a human subject within _____ minutes of a massage.

Choose one answer.

a. 10

b. 5

c. 30

d. 15

Question13

Marks: 1

Peppermint essential oil has been a classic choice for the treatment of ________ for hundreds of years.

Choose one answer.

a. moles

b. nausea

c. incontinence

d. measles

Question14

Marks: 1

What percentage of eucalyptus essential oil is the ether 1,8-cineole?

Choose one answer.

a. about 30%

b. 50%

c. 90%

d. about 80%

Question15

Marks: 1

For normal, daily use of essential oils for adults, Retha Nesbit of Plant Therapy recommends a __________ dilution.

Choose one answer.

a. 5%

b. 2%

c. 3%

d. 0.5%

Question16

Marks: 1

Who is known as the father of medicine?

Choose one answer.

a. Shennong

b. Asclepius

c. Pedanius Dioscorides

d. Hippocrates

Question17

Marks: 1

The number 3 in ‘3-methylnonane’ depicts that:

Choose one answer.

a. one CH3 is attached to the third carbon of a nonane chain.

b. three CH3 are attached to the third carbon of a nonane chain.

c. three CH3 are attached to the third hydrogen of a nonane chain.

d. one CH3 is attached to the third hydrogen of a nonane chain.

Question18

Marks: 1

A chiral molecule is a molecule that is:

Choose one answer.

a. not superimposable on its mirror image.

b. adjacent in a chain to another molecule.

c. separated from another molecule in a chain.

d. superimposable on its mirror image.

Question19

Marks: 1

All of the following essential oils are suitable for chronic pain except:

Choose one answer.

a. lemongrass

b. verbena

c. ylang ylang

d. grapefruit

Question20

Marks: 1

Research shows that essential oils when used alone:

Choose one answer.

a. will worsen depression.

b. have no effect on depression.

c. can help in moderate cases of depression.

d. can cure depression.

Question21

Marks: 1

Stereochemistry is the study of:

Choose one answer.

a. two-dimensional chemistry

b. organic chemistry

c. theoretical chemistry

d. three-dimensional chemistry

Question22

Marks: 1

The following essential oils are not phototoxic:

Choose one answer.

a. fig leaf absolute

b. steam distilled citrus

c. angelica root

d. cold pressed citrus

Question23

Marks: 1

Research undertaken by Bliddel et al 2000, Cote 2002, and Yip & Tam 2008 shows that although essential oils will not prevent osteoarthritis, topically applied they can help:

Choose one answer.

a. reduce itching

b. heal wounds

c. soothe the pain

d. soften the skin

Question24

Marks: 1

During the earlier part of the 20th century, Rene-Maurice Gattefosse, a French chemist, became interested in the use of essential oils for medicinal purposes after using __________ following an accident.

Choose one answer.

a. helichrysum

b. peppermint

c. frankincense

d. lavender

Question25

Marks: 1

Who has been credited with being the first to discover the potential of fragrance?

Choose one answer.

a. Egyptians

b. Hebrews

c. Chinese

d. Greeks

Question26

Marks: 1

Essential oils have been used in cough medicines for the treatment of bronchitis for many years. The most direct way of applying them is through:

Choose one answer.

a. an arm patch

b. rectal suppositories

c. inhalation

d. a lozenge

Question27

Marks: 1

Humans have approximately ______ different olfactory receptor types, each tuned to a particular kind of odor, that together contribute to our perception of smell (Yeshurun & Sobel 2010).

Choose one answer.

a. 1,000

b. 10

c. 10,000

d. 100

Question28

Marks: 1

The use of essential oils during pregnancy is slightly controversial although most fears are unfounded (Guba 2002) but aromatherapy schools suggest not using them during the first trimester. There are a few records that link 2 specific essential oils, both taken orally, to abortion. These are:

Choose one answer.

a. parsley seed and clary sage

b. cassia and pennyroyal

c. clary sage and vetiver

d. pennyroyal and parsley seed

Question29

Marks: 1

The molecule eugenol will be found in the following essential oils: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. cinnamon leaf

b. allspice

c. clove

d. sandalwood

Question30

Marks: 1

Who expanded the use of oils into alternative medical practices such as acupressure and massage therapy?

Choose one answer.

a. Chinese

b. French

c. Egyptians

d. Greeks

Question31

Marks: 1

All the following are benefits of the regular use of coconut oil except:

Choose one answer.

a. helps improve mood

b. keeps hair healthy

c. hydrates the skin

d. prevents premature menopause

Question32

Marks: 1

Dr. Robert Pappas teaches that the essential oil, __________, will protect you from getting bitten by mosquitoes.

Choose one answer.

a. lavender

b. chamomile

c. citronelle

d. catnip

Question33

Marks: 1

The following essential oils contain camphor: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. rosemary

b. lavandin

c. coriander

d. lavender

Question34

Marks: 1

What are the 2 ways of production that will allow a product to be classified as an essential oil?: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. vacuum distilled

b. hot pressed

c. cold pressed

d. steam distilled

Question35

Marks: 1

Matiz et al (2012) conducted a controlled study on 28 volunteers with acne. The essential oils used were sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). There was a 43% to 75% reduction of lesions and this was thought to be as a result of the:

Choose one answer.

a. joint antiseptic and keratolytic activity

b. antiseptic activity

c. keratolytic activity

d. anti-inflammatory activity

Question36

Marks: 1

Some essential oils are generally contraindicated for all therapeutic uses; these include: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. mustard

b. wintergreen

c. bitter fennel

d. lavender

Question37

Marks: 1

The advantage of the steam-plus-vacuum method of distillation is:

Choose one answer.

a. does not require specialized equipment

b. speed

c. low cost

d. a fast method of cooling is not required

Question38

Marks: 1

Published studies indicate that all of the following essential oils have antitumoral properties except:

Choose one answer.

a. cypress hiba

b. Greek sage

c. Brazilian rosewood

d. rose

Question39

Marks: 1

Monoterpenols have the following attributes: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. generally considered to be relaxing

b. rejuvenating for skin

c. better smelling than saturated alcohols

d. more floral in character

Question40

Marks: 1

The aroma and exact percentage of each natural constituent contained in a particular pure, unadulterated essential oil can vary depending on a variety of factors including the: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. quality of the soil

b. amount of rainfall

c. storage conditions

d. altitude

Question41

Marks: 1

Khanna et al (1993) found that the following essential oil had a sedative effect more powerful than the drug chlorpromazine (Largactil) and was also an analgesic:

Choose one answer.

a. ravensara

b. neroli

c. black cumin

d. rose

Question42

Marks: 1

The research conducted by Field et al 2005, Chang 2008, Thomas 2011, Holm & Fitzmaurice 2008, Bhargava et al 2009, and Conrad & Adams 2012 concluded that the following essential oils have the potential to reduce stress: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. rose

b. bergamot

c. lavandin

d. menthol

Question43

Marks: 1

Sensitization reactions to essential oils can happen at any time which is why it’s best to: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. use the oils in dilution

b. do a patch test before using a new oil

c. use less than the stated dose

d. store the oils in a freezer

Question44

Marks: 1

What method did the Persian healer and alchemist, Avicenna, develop that led to the art of aromatherapy?

Choose one answer.

a. blending of essential oils

b. distillation of essential oils

c. tainting of essential oils

d. identification of essential oils

Question45

Marks: 1

When reviewing reports to ascertain if a company selling essential oils is reputable, you should be suspicious if the report is:

Choose one answer.

a. featured in ‘EOU Watchdog Wednesday’

b. more than a year old

c. dated after 2018

d. more than 6 months old

Question46

Marks: 1

Gattefosse coined the term ‘Aromatherapy’ in ______ in an article where he supports the use of using essential oils in their whole without breaking them down into their primary constituents.

Choose one answer.

a. 1929

b. 1920

c. 1928

d. 1922

Question47

Marks: 1

When there are only single bonds in a carbon chain, it is known as an __________.

Choose one answer.

a. alkene

b. alkyne

c. alkane

d. alkine

Question48

Marks: 1

A discussion article by Daniels and O’Flaherty (2010) reported on the positive combination of aromatherapy and the ‘M’ Technique on reducing anxiety in the burns unit of a children’s hospital in Cape Town. The aromatherapy oils used were a 1% mixture of:

Choose one answer.

a. neroli, lavender, rose

b. German chamomile, rose, lavender

c. lavender, German chamomile, neroli

d. rose, neroli, German chamomile

Question49

Marks: 1

In Germany, an ointment containing essential oils was found effective in adolescents with upper respiratory infections (Kamin et al 2007). The essential oils are: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. menthol

b. lavender

c. pine needles

d. eucalyptus

Question50

Marks: 1

A study to explore the use of essential oils to improve oral health in hospice patients was carried out by Kang et al (2010). The essential oil mixture included geranium, lavender, peppermint, and tea tree. The results were: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. improvement in the state of the mouth

b. reduction in discomfort

c. reduction of any presence of Candida albicans

d. reduction in mouth ulcers