San Diego State University Simple and Fractional Distillation Questions

I’m working on a chemistry writing question and need an explanation and answer to help me learn.

Lab # 11 1-Simple and fractional distillation & 2- Vacuum distillations

1- Simple and fractional distillation I & 2. This video demonstrates how to separate or purify liquid mixtures that boil below 150°C with or without a fractionating column.

http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-5-0001-digital-lab-techniques-manual-spring-2007/videos/embed15/

SIMPLE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JlIPnyrZMw&feature=related

Simple Distillation is used to separate mixture into pure components, and works best if components’ boiling points differ by at least 75°C

FRACTIONAL

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0x2-8dedmE4&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2x57t3_1dTA&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQbzfXPs-Xw&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26AN1LfbUPc&feature=related

2- Vacuum distillations. This video demonstrates how to perform a distillation under vacuum.

http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-5-0001-digital-lab-techniques-manual-spring-2007/videos/embed16/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JlIPnyrZMw&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dibOJlgAicc&feature=related

Read this article or /similar material online to get an interesting background of the technique of distillation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation and answer the following questions.

1. Define distillation.

2. Define Raoult’s law and Dalton’s law.

3. Briefly explain the principle of fractional distillation, and show how this technique has been applied in refining oil.

4. How would you classify the type of distillation that is widely used in petroleum refineries and natural gas processing plants?
5. Where does the most widely used industrial applications of continuous, steady-state fractional distillation occur?

6. What is the main difference between laboratory scale distillation and industrial distillation?