Hannah Briguglio 

bias and stereotyping

COLLAPSE

Top of Form

This post will discuss gang membership in El Salvador and the United States, considerations when planning nursing care for case study patient, Jose, issues related to immigration, what problems Jose may encounter in the U.S. and how to assist him.

The difference between gang membership in the U.S. versus El Salvador is that El Salvador has a higher occurrence of gangs. El Salvador is a small country and a higher percentage of its population lives in poverty compared to the U.S. Actual gang membership is pretty similar between the two countries. It is violent, organized crime that targets youth to join as its members.

When providing care for Jose from the case study, it is important to cultural factors such as language and communication, religion and beliefs/values, education level, and support systems. The case study says that Jose has many tattoos. I personally like tattoos; I have some myself. They can tell a story about a person. I also know that some people may make judgement and assumptions about those who have many tattoos, though, and it may affect Jose’s employment options. Jose came to the U.S. under political asylum because his life was in danger in El Salvador after leaving the gang. Some issues associated with immigration, political asylum, and refugees are about security and poverty. The big issue surrounding the topic of immigration is that not all migrants living in the U.S. are legal, and they do not have citizenship. In order to help Jose meet his developmental needs, I would first have to assess where he feels that he is in his development, and where he thinks he should be or would like to be. It is important to assess the patients views on development and goals in order to develop a plan of care that can be followed (Andrews et al., 2020). I could then show him support groups and resources to help him reach his goals. Jose may encounter problems when settling in the U.S. such as feeling unaccepted by the general population and having difficulty finding a job with livable wages. He may encounter problems in the U.S. healthcare system such as being unable to afford care, communication, and trusting relationships. Nurses can help with some of these problems by having interpreters available for communication and being culturally understanding of the patients needs and experiences (Patel et al., 2021).

In conclusion, gang membership is more prevalent in El Salvador’s population. Cultural considerations when providing care for Jose are language and communication, beliefs and values, education, and support systems. Tattoos may sometimes be judged by other people and may create difficulty when looking for employment. Issues that surround the topic of immigration are national concern for security and poverty. Jose may experience difficulty with employment and acceptance when settling in the U.S. and may also struggle with finding affordable and culturally competent healthcare. It is important to consider Jose’s goals and values when creating a plan of care.

References

Andrews, M. M., Boyle, J. S., & Collins, J. W. (2020). Lippincott coursepoint enhanced for Andrews’ transcultural concepts in nursing care (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health.

Patel, P., Bernays, S., Dolan, H., Muscat, D. M., & Trevena, L. (2021). Communication experiences in primary healthcare with refugees and asylum seekers: A literature review and narrative synthesis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041469

Galyna Balytska 

M3 A5 DB

COLLAPSE

 Top of Form    

    In this post I will discuss cultural factors we need to consider when planning a nursing care for Jose C., 24-year-old male, a former gang member from El Salvador who immigrated to the USA. Specifically, how to meet developmental needs for this patient and what problems he may encounter in the US society and US healthcare system.

    When planning a nursing care, I must acknowledge that Jose is a young adult, an immigrant, and a former gang member, which can affect his physical and psychosocial life. The most important development task of young adulthood is resolution intimacy vs isolation (Andrews et al., 2020). Jose’s immigrant status, lack of social connections can affect the main goal of intimacy which is happy relationship. That fact directly can affect his socioemotional conditions which can manifest some social isolation and withdrawal, depression, or even suicidal thoughts.

    Andrews et al. (2020) stated that most immigrants and refugees are poor and struggle to earn an adequate income. This factor could affect Jose’s ability to access healthcare services which are very costly in the US. Another factor is a language barrier which is a significant obstacle especially for immigrants and refugees, that affects their opportunity for education and work (Andrews et al., 2020).

      Kallakorpi et al. (2018) addressed the fact that there are much more patients with mental health problems among the immigrants in comparison to all population in the specific country or area. Also, the authors stated that the use of mental health services among the immigrants is lower than among the rest of the population. Being a part of a gang, Jose witnessed a lot of violence which affected his psycho-emotional state. Kallakorpi et al. (2018) concluded that previous traumatic experiences were the primary factor contributing to immigrants’ poor mental health.

    In conclusion, nursing care and assessment should include different interventions which will address problems related to patient’s development stage, culture, social status, emotional and physical states, etc.

References:

Andrews, M. M., Boyle, J.S., & Collins, J.W. (2020). Lippincott coursepoint enhanced for Andrews’ transcultural concepts in nursing care (8th ed.).  Wolters Kluwer. 

 Kallakorpi, S., Haatainen, K., & Kankkunen, P. (2018). Psychiatric nursing care experiences of immigrant patients: A Focused ethnographic study. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 28(1), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12500

 Bottom of Form              

Amy Green 

DB 4

 Top of Form    

In the novel, “Cutting for Stone”, gender inequality had a significant impact on the women and how they perceived living and working in Ethiopia. Some of the women traveled from their homeland to find suitable employment in another country that allows women to be physicians, nurses, and probationers. Working in a hospital that is in an unpopulated area would be a challenge because there is no set daily income being sustained just donations and the experience of surgery and general patient care. These hospitals care for the poorest communities where there are no vaccines and live in poor health conditions. Many of the diseases contracted are from ill health determinants from their surrounding environment. Some of the women that came part of Missing Hospital in Addis Ababa experienced discrimination from the moment they left home.

One of the many women that faced gender discrimination came to support Missing Hospital was known as Dr. Kalpana “Hema” Hemlatm. Hema grew up in Madras and became an obstetrician/gynecologist (OBGYN) who has faced challenged so new in her career. One of her first challenges was not being able to work in her homeland because she is a female. She stated, “She left because gynecology, at least in madras, remained a man’s domain, and even on the eve of independence, a British domain, and she had no chance at all for civil service appointment to the government teaching hospital” (Verghese, 2009, p.58). Leaving Madras was exceptionally emotional for Hema, but she wanted to be able to continue her career where she would be allowed to practice medicine. Unfortunately, along the way to her destination, she was aboard an aircraft and faced yet another form of female differences with a male pilot. In his society he believed it is acceptable to punish or take a masculine defensive stand against her without repercussions when confronted with a issue. Meanwhile, Hema stands up for herself by grabbing his personal privates. When Hema lands back in Ethiopia, she is reminded that Missing Hospital felt familiar unlike the Government Hospital in India. At Missing hospital, Hema was the first female OBGYN to practice. She was well respected by her fellow surgeons and clinicians. She made a safe home and career living in Addis Ababa with her twin boys Marion and Shiva and Dr. Ghosh.

As for Sister Mary Joseph Praise, her journey to Ethiopia was filled with gender inequality and social determinants. Sister Mary Joseph Praise was a young new nurse on assignment when she meets Dr. Thomas Stone. While boarded the Calangute with Dr. Stone and Sister Anjali, Sister Mary Joseph Praise nurses back the sick physician while her sister is suffering from a disease. Dr. Stone teaches Sister Mary Joseph how to diagnosis Typhus which Sister Anjali had died from. A disease that was transmitted on the Calangute. Dr. Stone invites Sister Mary Joseph Praise to Missing Hospital but is turned down so she can continue to follow her assignment. Following a tragic experience in Aden where she escaped and was sexually assaulted, Sister Mary Joseph Praise found Missing Hospital and a place where she felt safe with Dr. Stone and the staff. Being a nun and not following rules was detrimental and not forgivable, however she falls ill due to pregnancy complications. In the book, Matron states “One of her own, a bride of Christ -pregnant! It was unthinkable” (Verghese, 2009, p.48).

In my community, determinants of health still exist. However, there are laws in place to protect women from abusive partners. Gender inequality is still happening today and protesting our rights and freedom is imperative. Although today men still hold power over women when it comes employment, health care, and decision making.

                                   References:

 Bottom of Form        

Verghese, A. (2009). Cutting for stone. Vintage.