Module 6-The Ozone Brief

In this lab, use the resources from the Lecture Canvas Shell to create a brief regarding the Ozone.

Follow the directions in the lab link here: Lab The Ozone Briefing.docx                            Download Lab The Ozone Briefing.docx  

ASSIGNMENT 2

Atmospheric Movements and Flo

Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

Learn the Material presented here.

Take Notes.

Submit your notes (in your own words) with this assignment.

Use this information to support content in your lab.

A few basic principles go a long way toward explaining how and why air moves: Warm air rising creates a low pressure zone at  the ground. Air from the surrounding area is sucked into the space left  by the rising air. Air flows horizontally at top of the troposphere;  horizontal flow is called advection. The air cools until it descends. Where it reaches the ground, it creates a high pressure zone. Air flowing from areas of high pressure to low pressure creates winds.  Warm air can hold more moisture than cold air. Air moving at the bases  of the three major convection cells in each hemisphere north and south  of the equator creates the global wind belts.

Within the troposphere are convection cells. Air that moves horizontally between high and low pressure zones makes wind. The greater the pressure difference between the pressure zones the faster the wind flow.

Convection in the atmosphere creates the planet’s weather. When warm  air rises and cools in a low pressure zone, it may not be able to hold  all the water it contains as vapor. Some water vapor may condense to  form clouds or precipitation. When cool air descends, it warms. Since it  can then hold more moisture, the descending air will evaporate water on  the ground. Air moving between large high and low pressure systems  creates the global wind belts that profoundly affect regional climate.  Smaller pressure systems create localized winds that affect the weather  and climate of a local area.

Local Winds

Local winds result from air moving between small low and high  pressure systems. High and low pressure cells are created by a variety  of conditions. Some local winds have very important effects on the  weather and climate of some regions.

Land and Sea Breezes

Formation of the sea breeze

Since water has a very high specific heat, it maintains its  temperature well. So water heats and cools more slowly than land. If  there is a large temperature difference between the surface of the sea  (or a large lake) and the land next to it, high and low pressure regions  form. This creates local winds.

Sea breezes (Links to an external site.) blow from the cooler ocean over the warmer land in summer. Where is the high pressure zone and where is the low pressure zone?

Sea breezes blow at about 10 to 20 km (6 to 12 miles) per hour and  lower air temperature much as 5 to 10 degrees C (9 to 18 degrees F).

• Land breezes blow from the land to the  sea in winter. Where is the high pressure zone and where is the low  pressure zone? Some warmer air from the ocean rises and then sinks on  land, causing the temperature over the land to become warmer.
• Land and sea breezes create the pleasant climate for which Southern  California is known. The effect of land and sea breezes are felt only  about 50 to 100 km (30 to 60 miles) inland. This same cooling and  warming effect occurs to a smaller degree during day and night, because  land warms and cools faster than the ocean.
• Santa Ana Winds
• Santa Ana winds are created in the late  fall and winter when the Great Basin east of the Sierra Nevada cools,  creating a high pressure zone. The high pressure forces winds downhill  and in a clockwise direction (because of Coriolis). The air pressure  rises, so temperature rises and humidity falls. The winds blow across  the Southwestern deserts and then race downhill and westward toward the  ocean. Air is forced through canyons cutting the San Gabriel and San  Bernardino mountains.

The Santa Ana winds often arrive at the end of California’s long  summer drought season. The hot, dry winds dry out the landscape even  more. If a fire starts, it can spread quickly, causing large-scale  devastation.

Monsoonal Winds

Monsoon winds are larger scale versions  of land and sea breezes; they blow from the sea onto the land in summer  and from the land onto the sea in winter. Monsoon winds are occur where  very hot summer lands are next to the sea. Thunderstorms are common  during monsoons.The most important monsoon in the world occurs each year  over the Indian subcontinent. More than two billion residents of India  and southeastern Asia depend on monsoon rains for their drinking and  irrigation water. Back in the days of sailing ships, seasonal shifts in  the monsoon winds carried goods back and forth between India and Africa.

Mountain and Valley Breezes

Temperature differences between mountains and valleys create mountain  and valley breezes. During the day, air on mountain slopes is heated  more than air at the same elevation over an adjacent valley. As the day  progresses, warm air rises and draws the cool air up from the valley,  creating a valley breeze. At night the mountain slopes cool more quickly than the nearby valley, which causes a mountain breeze to flow downhill.

ASSIGNMENT 3 

Please use this link to connect with the doc version of this Lab. Hurricane Katrina Lab LAHC.docx                            Download Hurricane Katrina Lab LAHC.docx