Interventions for Health Promotion

Case 1Case 2Case 3 Cases

S.M. is a nurse practitioner in a large midwestern city. Today she is participating in a health fair at the Islamic Cultural Center. She is anticipating attendance by many families of Arab-American descent.

S.M. knows common health issues in Arab Americans include cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Her goals today are to gain the trust of the families she meets, learn about their health behaviors, provide education about healthy lifestyles, and arrange any follow-up care that may be needed.

C.B. is a student nurse practitioner completing her practicum in an office practice She assists the community with blood pressure and immunization clinics. The primary roles in this setting are education and health prevention.

C.B. has completed a population assessment and determined that the community is lacking in organized physical activities. The community that she is working in has a diverse age group between 56 and 87 years of age, with the majority of the residents being between 70 and 74 years of age. The members of the community are active in the health screenings and clinics and enjoy including the nursing staff in their activities.

D.Z. is a holistic nurse practitioner in a large multispecialty clinic. She works in the offices of surgeons, internists, and OBGYNs. Because the client population is so culturally diverse, D.Z. was hired to serve as a liaison between the providers of conventional healing and complementary and alternative healing practices.

One of D.Z. clients is M.L. She is 3 years old and has a seizure disorder. M.L. parents rely on traditional medicine to cure their daughter’s seizures. They believe her seizures are caused by the spirits. Their compliance with M.L daily anti-seizure medicine and follow-up appointments has been poor.

Questions for the case

During the health fair, S.M. assesses her clients’ risk factors, including person-dependent factors and
environmental-dependent factors. List at least 3 examples of a person-dependent factors and environmental dependent-factors

Which are the recommendations according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for older adults regarding type, quantity and quality of exercise per week? 

Please define and describe Acupuncture as a therapeutic alternative and its indications.

Once you received your case number; answer the specific question on the table above. Then, continue to discuss the 3 topics listed below for your case:

Define and describe the primary goals of screening.

Discuss your thoughts on the relationship between economics and nutrition. How would you advise people of low socioeconomic status to eat healthy on a budget? How would you respond to patients whose financial restraints limit their access to food?

Identify potential barriers to patient teaching and how you would address these barriers.

Submission Instructions:

Your instructor will assign you your case number and you will post on the case number you have been assigned.

You will reply to the other two case studies (One of each).

Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources. Your initial post is worth 8 points.

You should respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Your reply posts are worth 2 points (1 point per response.) 

All replies must be constructive and use literature where possible.

Please note I also need 2 responses.It can be any additional comment adding additional information about the same topic different cases 

      You must receive a Turnitin similarity report that is less than or equal to 20% in order to post to the Discussion board.

      Your instructor will monitor your similarity report and you will automatically receive a 0 in the discussion if you post with a Turnitin similarity report that is greater than 20%.     

Your initial post needs to be a minimum of 500 words, and your responses need to be minimum of 150 words each. This is not including references.

Your initial post should have at least 2 references, and your responses should have at least one reference in each. These need to be different references, therefore you will have a minimum of 4 different references between your initial post and responses. All references should be textbook or journal articles within the last 5 years, which you can find by going to home page in Canvas and clicking the library link. Please ensure reference list is in APA and you are not using references from a website, there should be a DOI at the end of your journal article reference and the journal should be italicized. Lastly, please do not use quotes in your work.

I.         Resources

Textbook(s)

·      Edelman, C., & Mandle, C. L. (2018). Health promotion throughout the lifespan (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

ISBN: 978-0323569101

·      Fenstermacher, K & Hudson, B.T. (2020). Practice Guidelines for Family Nurse Practitioners (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

ISBN: 978-0323554947

·      American Psychological Association. (2019). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). ISBN: 9781433832154

here you will find a post and a reply

• Case 2 Module 4 Discussion: Interventions for Health Promotion C.B. is a student nurse practitioner completing her practicum in an office practice She assists the community with blood pressure and immunization clinics. The primary roles in this setting are education and health prevention. C.B. has completed a population assessment and determined that the community is lacking in organized physical activities. The community that she is working in has a diverse age group between 56 and 87 years of age, with the majority of the residents being between 70 and 74 years of age. The members of the community are active in the health screenings and clinics and enjoy including the nursing staff in their activities.Which are the recommendations according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for older adults regarding the type, quantity, and quality of exercise per week? According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), adults aged 65 and older require at least 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity activity, such as brisk walking. On a vigorous intensity level, they require at least 75 minutes weekly, such as hiking, jogging, or running. Moreover, these individuals need to recommend to exercise at least two days a week of activities that strengthen muscles. To improve balance, activities such as standing on one foot for about three days on a weekly basis are required. However, older adults should be as physically active as their abilities and conditions allow if chronic conditions affect their ability to meet those recommendations (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022).Define and describe the primary goals of screening. Screening is an important component of clinical preventive services because it is a valuable tool for health care professionals to identify chronic conditions and risk factors before the condition becomes costly both in financial terms and for quality of life. This is particularly essential as the health care paradigm shifts from medical and volume-based to a health-promotion and value-based model of care. Although health education about screening is categorized as part of the rubric of primary prevention, the actual process of screening is part f secondary prevention. Moreover, the primary goal of screening is to detect risk factors and a condition early, prevent or treat it, and deter its progression. An important assumption underlying the use of screening is that detection early in the asymptomatic period allows treatment at a time when the eventual course of the disease can be altered significantly. Similarly, identifying risk factors assists in identifying the populations needing screening and focuses attention on needed behavior change before disease develops. Screening strategies are based on the principle that the selected disease is preceded by a period of asymptomatic pathogenesis or latency when risk factors predisposing a person to the disease are building toward full manifestations of the disease (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018, p.207). Some screenings are very simple and performed at homes, such as blood pressure, heart rate, weight, blood glucose, and oxygen saturation. Therefore, nurses are involved in promoting their use and educating individuals about their use. Furthermore, screening offers various advantages while also comes with some disadvantages. The following are the advantages of screening: its simplicity reduces the time and cost of the health care personnel involved, particularly when compared with the cost of treating the disease after symptoms appear, and enables less skilled technicians to administer the test; ability to apply the screening process to both individuals ad larger populations; ability to provide one-test disease-specific screening or multiple test screenings; and create the opportunity to provide health education to a group of individuals who may not otherwise receive it. On the contrary, the primary disadvantages of screening stem largely from uncertainties in scientific evidence, which sets normal testing ranges and therefore also ranges of error for screening tests (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018, p.208-209).Discuss your thoughts on the relationship between economics and nutrition. For most individuals in the U.S., income has risen over time, providing more options for personal consumption expenditures, including those on food. However, growth in income has not increased equally for all households. Moreover, in recent economic times, individuals who normally have never needed assistance have flooded food banks and other federal and community resources. In 2010, approximately fifteen percent of the US population lived below the poverty level set by the government to determine eligibility for various types of government programs according to the US Census Bureau (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018, p.252). The World Health Organization asserts that the global food price crisis threatens public health and jeopardizes the health of the most disadvantaged groups such as women, children, the elderly, and low-income families. Economic factors play a crucial role and could affect personal nutrition status and health. Economic decision factors such as food price and income do influence people’s food choices. Moreover, food costs are a barrier for low income-families to healthier food choices. Rising food prices are having severe impacts on population health and nutritional status. Therefore, people who change their diet pattern for economic reasons may develop a range of nutritionally-related disorders and diseases, from so-called over-nutrition to under-nutrition even within one household. This is likely to increase with growing food insecurity (Thiel et al., 2017).How would you advise people of low socioeconomic status to eat healthy on a budget? How would you respond to patients whose financial restraints limit their access to food? Most Americans are food secure, having enough money and resources to obtain adequate food for active, healthy lives. However, for minorities who are living at or below the national poverty line, obtaining a nutrition diet without assistance can be a challenge. Low-income families spend a significantly higher percentage of their annual income on food than other families, often with less access to healthier options such as fresh fruits and vegetables. A variety of federal, state, and local governments and private charitable organizations work to reduce hunger in the US. The primary responsibility at the federal level falls to the USDA, which administers fifteen nutrition assistance programs through the FNS using a combination of federal funding and farm commodities. Programs target the diverse needs of different subgroups of low-income individuals by providing supplemental assistance through a variety of forms and settings (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018, p.252). Consequently, these people will be advised, guided, and assisted in allocating the available nutritional assistance programs near them, including SNAP, the Senior Farmer’s Market Nutrition Program, the Child and Adult Care Food Program, and the Emergency Food Assistance Program, and the Commodity Supplemental Food Program. These programs are designed to help individuals with low socioeconomic status access nutritionally sound meals, obtain nutritional services and other health promotion services, including nutrition screening and counseling, and reduce the social isolation that may also occur in old age. Additionally, priority is given to older people with the greatest social and economic need: low income, minorities, those with limited English proficiency, rural location, and frail seniors at risk of institutionalization (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018, p.256).Identify potential barriers to patient teaching and how you would address these barriers. The increasing racial and ethnic diversity of the US population, as well as the challenge to eliminate disparities in the health status of individuals of diverse backgrounds, demands that we provide culturally appropriate health education and health promotion. Moreover, individuals ‘ cultural groups influence their beliefs about health perceptions of disease and illness, help-seeking behaviors, and attitudes toward health providers, and play a role in their use of traditional and complementary healing practices. Therefore, prevention strategies must address each group’s unique culture, experiences, language, age, sex, and sexual orientation and be culturally and linguistically appropriate for them to be effective. Consequently, some of the most potential barriers to patient teaching are cultural background or incompetence, language, and health literacy levels. Thus, it is crucial for the health professional needs to take the time to assess cultural beliefs that influence social and health practices and make an effort to analyze educational interventions that are acceptable and satisfying to the individual. When teaching people of different cultural, racial, and ethnic groups, the nurse endeavors to provide culturally sensitive education (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018, p.230). Nurses should recognize that the person’s or group’s background, beliefs, and knowledge may differ significantly from their own and seek to understand and show respect for these differences. Additionally, the following are some aspects of diversity awareness that could the health professional address these barriers: use courtesy and a formal approach; use qualified healthcare interpreters; instruct the patient in small increments; use hand gestures to help the person understand; speak with a moderate tone and volume; provide written instructions for the person to take home; consider to assess habits, customs, values, and beliefs; assess cultural health, healing beliefs, and practices; assess cultural sanctions, nutritional beliefs, food preferences, and restrictions; and assess religious beliefs and practices related to health (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018, p. 230-232).ReferencesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, March 31). How much physical activity do older adults need? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April 4, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/older_adults/index.htm#:~:text=Adults%20aged%2065%20and%20older,of%20activities%20that%20strengthen%20muscles.Edelman, C., & Kudzma, E. C. (2018). Health promotion throughout the lifespan (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: ElsevierThiele, S., Peltner, J., Richter, A., & Mensink, G. B. M. (2017). Food purchase patterns: empirical identification and analysis of their association with diet quality, socio-economic factors, and attitudes. Nutrition Journal, 16, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-017-0292-zPHANY VALMYR NUR601 Module 4 Disc Case 2.docx ReplyReply to Comment“> ReplyReply to Comment
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Fonseca, LarissaYesterdayApr 4 at 6:48pmManage Discussion Entry“>Manage Discussion EntryM4 Discussion – First Reply – Case 2Interesting your post regarding organizing physical activities for the community that the student nurse practitioner is working. Changes in public health are necessary to promote health, decrease the number of preventable diseases. The prevention of diseases is a way to assure someone’s access to quality of life and decrease hospitalization rates and mortality. The first action that a health care professional can take to promote population and community health is supporting prevention and wellness initiatives and providing information, educating the population, promoting healthier behaviors. For example, health care professionals can engage the population in lifestyle changes that can reduce chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension (Griffiths et al., 2020). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), adults aged 65 or older should get at least 150 minutes a week of moderate-intense aerobic exercise, like a brisk walk and at least two times a week do a muscle-strengthening activity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022).ReferencesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022, March 28). How much physical activity do older adults need? https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/older_adults/index.htmGriffiths, J. C., de Vries, J., McBurney, M. I., Wopereis, S., Serttas, S., & Marsman, D. S. (2020). Measuring health promotion: Translating science into policy. European Journal of Nutrition, 59, 11–23.  (Links to an external site.)“>https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02359-1 (Links to an external site.) ReplyReply to Comment“> ReplyReply to Comment

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