Specific Purpose: At the end of my speech the audience understands the financial cost of college education for students, lists the current status of student financial aid, defines the positive effects and importance of increasing financial aid for college students, understands the problems with the aid mechanism.

Position Statement/Stance: Government and college should provide more financial aid to students and establish improved aid mechanisms

I.THE INTRODUCTION:

Position Statement/Stance: (your topic):Every student should be able to have reasonable access to more financial aid to cope with the financial pressures of coming from College Education

Preview Statement: The economic cost of College Education/ Risks faced by college students / Overall status of financial aid/ Positive effects and importance of increased aid

Personal Credibility: My experience of having to apply for financial aid two years in a row to cope with the financial stress of college

Reason to Listen: The economic cost of College Education is expected to continue to grow (specific data) in the future, and students and families face tremendous financial pressure, which has a negative impact on all aspects (debt, life, etc.).

II．THE BODY OF THE SPEECH

the situation of economic costs of higher education (past/future projections and assessments)

overall status of financial (individual student, family and school) and financial aid (type and amount)

risks to students because of the economic costs (dropping out, low GPA, foregoing educational opportunities, etc.)

expected positive effects of increased financial aid (individual students, Family and School)

suggestions for improving and refining economic assistance mechanisms

III. REFUTATION/REBUTTAL OF OPPOSITION: You must have at least TWO counterarguments to rebut/refute. Please note: this is NOT merely the other side’s point of view, but what they CLAIM about their point of view.

Counterargument #1: Increasing financial aid reduces student motivation and school academic standards

YOUR REBUTTAL: Increased financial aid ensures more talented students on campus and increases academic competition (Cite Dickeson source)

Counterargument #2: Providing more financial aid puts a huge financial strain on schools

YOUR REBUTTAL: Providing economic assistance is not just about providing money/ Types of financial assistance (Hanson and Glynn source )

IV.THE CONCLUSION

A.Summarize main points: (Repeat preview statement above)

1.the financial cost of a college education for students continues to rise

2.students and their families are under tremendous financial pressure

3.current campus financial aid is important, but not enough to solve the problem

4.mechanisms for assistance are inadequate

5.risk to students and families due to financial problems (low academic credit, low GPA, etc.)

6.the expected positive impact of increased financial aid (students, families, and even society)

7.Schools need to provide more financial aid

B.TELL us what to do:

1.Assistance information needs to be clear —— (vague information discourages students)

2.The assistance process needs to be simplified —— (long processes make assistance inefficient)

3.Increase the number of ways to provide aid —— (single approach makes it difficult to deal with complex or unexpected situations)

4.Provide a budget for financial costs —— (difficult to develop a useful long-term financial plan (students, schools))

5.Distinguish between need and performance-based aid —— (widening gap between rich and poor)

V. WORKS CITED: MLA Format (four separate sources required)

*Use easybib.com or another formatting tool if you wish

Glynn, Jennifer. “Making College Affordable: Providing Low-Income Students with the Knowledge and Resources Needed to Pay for College.” Jkcf.Org, https://www.jkcf.org/research/making-college-affordable-providing-low-income-students-with-the-knowledge-and-resources-needed-to-pay-for-college/.

Long, Bridget Terry. “Financial Aid: A Key To Community College Student Success.” Harvard Graduate School of Education, https://www2.ed.gov/PDFDocs/college-completion/08-financial-aid.pdf.

Martin, Skladany. “Tuition Discounts Don’t Make Sense, Increased Funding for Financial Aid Does.” BOOKINGS, 24 Aug. 2020, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2020/08/24/tuition-discounts-dont-make-sense-increased-funding-for-financial-aid-does/.

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Hanson, Melanie. “Average Cost of College & Tuition.” EDUCATION DATA, 29 Mar. 2022, https://educationdata.org/average-cost-of-college.

Dickeson, Robert C. “Rising College Costs Threaten America’s Future and Require Shared Solutions.” COLLISION COURSE, 24 July 2004, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED497036.pd