After watching the Grand Theory Group Presentations of other groups, please respond to the following within the discussion forum of the other group:

• Compare and contrast the other nursing theorist to your own. (Define metaparadigm concepts including patient, health, environment, and nursing.) Ensure you clearly identify to which group’s presentation you are discussing.

RE: GROUP 4by Aimee Patry – Wednesday, 23 March 2022, 8:23 PM

One of the challenges faced in analyzing Jean Watson’s theory of Caring is due to the vast complexity of the theory itself. Watson began comprising her work in 1975, with the release of her first book, Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring, in 1979. Watson (2012) states that she did not have any inclination that her ideas would turn into a theory. Still, she tried to solve problems using nursing concepts, which encompass nursing and nursing in relation to education, practice, and research. Since this book was published and during the past four decades, she has continued to expand her work in her Theory of Human Caring, Human Caring Science, and her Theory of Transpersonal Caring. In order to gain knowledge about Watson’s theory and resolve this challenge for the group project, it was necessary to read through her published books. Consequently, these readings allowed for both the comprehension and the analysis needed to understand her theoretical compositions fully.

Another challenge faced amid completing the Grand Theory group presentation was identifying and analyzing a middle-range theory with a theorist that aligns with Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. The complexity and uniqueness of Watson’s work made the task of correlating her work with another middle-range theory challenging. Ultimately, after thorough and tedious research, we found Kristen Swanson’s mid-range Theory of Caring. Swanson’s Theory of Caring mid-range theory reflects all ten dimensions of Watson’s grand theory, and there are similarities in both theories. However, Swanson’s Theory of Caring demonstrates a lower level of abstraction than Watson’s Grand Theory of Human Caring. It highlights specific phenomena and examples of what it means for nurses to practice caring (Martensson, 2020). Swanson’s theory relies on the idea that nurses demonstrating their care to patients is as essential to patients’ well-being as the clinical interventions provided. It considers and cares for the whole person and is the foundation for better healing and better care. Similarly, Watson’s theory contains three major elements: the carative factors, the transpersonal caring relationship, and the caring occasion or caring moment (Martensson, 2020).

Watson’s theory highlights the caring and interpersonal attributes of nursing care. It emphasizes the relationship between caregivers and care receivers at a human level. Per Antonini (2021), the purpose of the Caring theory is to utilize the strong connection formed between patients and nurses to help patients understand the real meaning behind their disharmony and suffering. Furthermore, Watson’s theory focuses on establishing the relationship between caregivers and care recipients more than the medical aspects of care interventions. Many parts of the nursing profession have significantly evolved over the last four decades. The theorist’s attempts to keep up with the changes and modify the initial approach to fit modern practice increases its complexity and can be challenging to follow. For example, nurses are expected to care for patients virtually through telehealth and self-care in modern practice. The theory does not cover such aspects, and thus it may not be relevant in some situations. Overall, the Caritas process provides immeasurable benefits to the patients and nurses in therapeutic interactions. The theory aligns with the foundational considerations in nursing where a person is considered beyond the sum of all body parts to incorporate body, mental, and even the spiritual aspects.

References

Antonini, M., Bellier-Teichmann, T., O’Reilly, L., Cara, C., Brousseau, S., Weidmann, J., Roulet-Schwab, D., Ledoux, I., Konishi, M., Pasquier, J., & Delmas, P. (2021). Effects of an educational intervention to strengthen humanistic practice on hemodialysis nurses’ caring attitudes and behaviors and quality of working life: A cluster randomized controlled trial. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-288447/v1

Mårtensson, S., Hodges, E. A., Knutsson, S., Hjelm, C., Broström, A., Swanson, K. M., & Björk, M. (2020). Caring behavior coding scheme based on Swanson’s theory of caring – development and testing among undergraduate nursing students. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 35(4), 1123-1133. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12927

Watson, J. (2012). Human Caring Science A Theory of Nursing (2nd edition). Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.

RE: GROUP 2by Alex Burakoff – Tuesday, 22 March 2022, 7:21 PM

Our group chose Sister Callista Roy as our grand theorist. Her theory, Roy’s Adaptation Model (RAM), over the past 50 years has been the framework for countless institution’s nursing model. Her work as a nursing theorist has been critical to the development of nursing practice. Her model focuses on the physiologic adaptations and how the four adaptive systems are intertwined. “The RAM guides the nurse who is interested in physiologic adaptation, as well as the nurse who is interested in psychosocial adaptation”. (McEwen & Willis, 2011).
The groups thoughts on the grand theory were that it was dense with the terminology use for the framework. It required more research to understand the etymology of some of her verbiage. Roy used words put together from Latin origin so that her philosophical assumption could be differentiated from other concepts. Examples of this would be the words like “Veritivity”, which is derived from the Latin word Veritas, meaning truth. “Veritivity assumes the activity and creativity for the common good, the purposefulness of human existence, the unity of purpose of humankind, and the value and meaning of life.” (Jennings, 2017).
The challenges we faced was how complex Roy’s theory is. She included many structures, elements and concepts making the theory harder to break down. By applying her model with different scenarios allowed us to better understand the theory as a whole. For example, “If a nurse performs an action that demonstrates an awareness of the group identity, this reinforces the group identity and advances the attainment of the group’s common purpose and goals.” ((Browing)Callis, 2020). By comparing RAM to current scenarios allowed us as a group to break down the theory to be able to present it to the class in PowerPoint format.

References:
(Browning) Callis, A. M. (2020). Application of the roy adaptation theory to a care program for Nurses. Applied Nursing Research, 56, 151340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2020.151340
Jennings, K. M. (2017). The Roy Adaptation Model. Advances in Nursing Science, 40(4), 370–383. https://doi.org/10.1097/ans.0000000000000175
McEwen, M., & Wills, E. (2011). Theoretical basis for nursing (3rd ed.). Wolters Kluwer / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

GROUP 5
by Kenneth Yeomans – Wednesday, 23 March 2022, 8:28 PMOur group decided to research Dorothy Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (SCDNT). We did originally struggle with clearly defining the research theory but discovered Orem’s SCDNT was founded to provide nursing care to an ever-changing medical population by identifying the needs and deficits of sick patients, and the roles and responsibilities in which the nurses are responsible to allow flourishing of life for the patient (McEwen & Wills, 2019). Orem also identified the autonomy of the patients in that individuals are free to decide how to practice self-care (Gumbs, 2020). The foundation of the SCDNT highlights that self-care is the only way to promote and maintain health and wellness for those with chronic illnesses and limited access to formal healthcare (Hartweg & Metcalfe, 2021).

Orem’s theory was difficult to understand because her theory is composed of three theories: the theory of self-care, the theory of self-care deficit, and the theory of nursing systems. These theories work together to contribute to improved patient outcomes (Gumbs, 2020). Another challenge was defining the different systems that the SCDNT identified surrounding the patients in relation to the responsibilities of the assigned nurses and the care given to meet the theory. These three systems were wholly compensatory, partially compensatory, and supportive or education. We also found challenges in research of her SCDNT in the application to the inpatient and more specifically the critical care setting.

We first resolved these issues by doing more research on circumstances where Orem’s theory was applied. In Orem’s Theory, self-care is placed structurally and functionally within the framework of nursing practice by extending the concept of personal, physical, and sociocultural aspects of self-care (Hartweg & Metcalfe, 2021). In defining these systems, we first researched the definition of each which only provided a broad spectrum of the terms in relation to nursing care of patients. Through research review we were able to distinguish and analyze that this is exactly how Orem defined the theory to allow interpretation of the term to fit the patients’ current needs pending the deficit. Nasresabetghadam et al. (2021) applies the systems of partially compensatory through pharmacology intervention, as well supportive or education via diet and lifestyle changes in treating older women with hypertension. We also learned how SDCNT is used in critical thinking throughout nursing practice. The areas of operation are “diagnostic, prescriptive, regulatory, and control. “ (Berbiglia, 2010). The phases may initially start off with diagnostic operations (establishing a therapeutic relationship, diagnosing self-care demands). There is no doubt that Orem’s Theory contributes and holds the promise of encouraging interprofessional practice and knowledge growth in nursing during this decade of unprecedented economic, technological, political, and sociological change (Hartweg & Metcalfe, 2021).

References

Berbiglia, V. A. (2010). Orem’s self-care deficit theory in nursing practice. Nursing theory: Utilization & application, 129-152.

Gumbs, J. (2020). Orem’s Select Basic Conditioning Factors and Health Promoting Self-Care Behaviors among African American Women with Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 27(2), 47–52.

Hartweg, D. L., & Metcalfe, S. A. (2021). Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory: Relevance and need for refinement. Nursing Science Quarterly, 35(1), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/08943184211051369

Nasresabetghadam, S., Jahanshahi, M., Fotokian, Z., Nasiri, M., & Hajiahmadi, M. (2021). The effects of Orem’s self-care theory on self-care behaviors among older women with hypertension: A randomized controlled trial. Nursing and Midwifery Studies, 10(2), 99.

McEwen, M., & Wills, E. (2019). Theoretical basis for nursing (5th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins